Ayuba Suleiman Diallo free essay sample

Dial Reaction A West African native named Baby Salesman Dial, known as Dial, was not any not your ordinary slave. Dial was so inordinate that he often called the no common slave. He was labeled as such cause he did things that other slaves could not do. He was a very well- educated merchant. He supplied parts of Europe with beeswax, gold, gum, ivory, and small numbers of slaves though out the 1 asss. The Various stages of the slave trade consisted of first capturing Africans then they were forced to march long stances to the African coast.The soon to be slaves marched with iron colors around their necks and with chains around their arms or legs. Many Africans died during the long march to the coast. When they reached the coast of Africa, they captured Africans were held in prisons. They stayed there until they were forced to board ships that would take them on the long trip to America. We will write a custom essay sample on Ayuba Suleiman Diallo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then they take was the long trip from Africa to America which was called the middle passage. Africans were then forced to remained in chains in the dark, hot, crowded space below deck.The slave trade was then taken place in the Americas. After slave ships landed at the west Indies, the Africans were sold into slavery. Learned that Africa was a place to find resources, slaves, and trading. Merchants and plantation owners swarmed to African to obtain anything and everything that could them bring more profit them. The topic of Dial was briefly talked about and the assignment broadened knowledge on the topic of Dial and how him being a African didnt stop his from being educated nor a merchant.

Evolution of the Greek Figure essays

Evolution of the Greek Figure essays The evolution of Greek sculpture has been relatively long and quite dramatic. Taking its roots in ancient Egyptian stylization, and evolving into naturalization and clarity of human form, Greek sculpture has made an enormous impact of the art of modern day. The early kouros figures were very similar to the ancient Egyptian male figures. For example the New York Kouros has many of the same characteristics of the Egyptian Menkure. Both are in a stiff frontal pose, hieratic scale, both have the left leg forward, but there is no shift of body weight, and both have their arms down at their sides with clenched fists. Unlike the Egyptians, the New York Kouros, as well as all other archaic sculptures, had what is known as the archaic smile, which was thin-lipped. The kouros figures were also given hair, which was very helmet like, and not very realistic. On the other hand, the body of the early kouros figure was more naturalistic than ever before. They had a very slight roundness to the muscles, as apposed to the rectangular body forms of the Egyptians; this made them appear more life like and energetic. The shift from the archaic period to the Early Classical period introduces a technique or idea that changed sculpture forever. This idea was called Contrapposto, which meant a weight shift of the body, creating movement, and naturalism. The Kritios Boy is a good example of this change in style. He stands on his left leg, with his right leg extended. This is true also for the New York Kouros, however the Kritios Boy has a weight shift that the New York Kouros does not. Kritios Boy is resting his weight on his left hip and leg, and his head is slightly turned to the right, which creates movement. Another change between the archaic period and the Early Classical period is the loss of the Archaic smile. Kritios Boy is portrayed with a serious, unsmiling face. His hair has been cut short, but is still fairly helmet like. His musc...

Discussion Board reply Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Discussion Board reply - Assignment Example By focusing on multiple intelligence skills, the writer can address emotional requirements and motivators associated with flexibility and transformation that are paramount factors of coaching dynamics. It is justified that managers usually have several resources at their disposal and would not hesitate to engage in the coaching process. The explanation given for this reason is explicit. An addition would be that managers mostly like involving themselves with profitable activities. As a result, unless the coaching process is profitable to the well-being of the business, few would find it necessary to undertake coaching. Although feedback given to employees may determine whether a manager will carry out coaching or not, the key justification would be the level of a manager in understanding group dynamics. Employees vary in their levels of motivation and therefore, managers may feel inadequate to coach employees with varied perceptions. This is the rationale behind managers failing to point out other people’s mistakes. The discussion board paper is good and answers all parts of the question to the latter. Any successful and operational organization requires that managers embra ce the spirit of leadership and should not shy off from correcting their junior

Week 5 LT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 LT - Essay Example succeeded have always made the appropriate choices on the particular metrics to use, and ensuring that they are updated on a regular basis in ensuring that they are up to the task in their performances (Goetsch and Davis, 2012). Ideally, by the formations of partnerships and other similar associations, companies can hasten product development as well as a fastened marketing, which otherwise would take long periods to achieve. Alliances never create value automatically; however, achievement of success requires the development of performance measures dealings without a full-blown acquisition, thereby requiring the use of metrics for development and implementation of successful alliances (Goetsch and Davis, 2012). Development of metrics for quantification of benefits generated by a company is tedious; therefore, requiring a balanced scorecard, which measures the overall quality of the working relationship, the strategic value and the operational effectiveness together with the financial performance (Goetsch and Davis, 2012). Ideally, a balanced scorecard shows precise appropriateness in the measurement of a number of aspects, contrary to metrics in that overreliance on financial metrics is a shortsighted development, such as an example of establishing an underperforming alliance for the sake of remaining relevant in a competitive

Marx's historical theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marx's historical theory - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in the groundbreaking book, The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels begin with the assertion that class struggles are integral in defining the existing society. This forms the basis of understanding Marx’s concept of history. According to Marx, the outline of history has two dimensions of linear chain events: a consistent progress in class division, created and overthrown in subsequent order, until it reaches a utopian endpoint, or communism. In the book, Marx argues that the history of humans occurs in a teleological order, unfolding to a distinct series of stages, each subsequent to the other. Ultimately, these stages lead to a certain utopian endpoint, which marks the end of the changes and an end to history. In his perception, Marx believed that these scientific laws could allow the prediction of these stages, as the scientific laws governs the progress of history. Class struggle, in Marx’s perception, determines human his tory. Therefore, the primary reason for historical changes is class animosity. Accordingly, societies are based on antagonism of the oppressed and oppressing classes. Thus, history is definable at any one time by the relationship between the different classes. In other words, the theory seeks to establish the premise of the materialistic methods in relation to humans’ production to satisfy material needs. The satisfaction of human needs give rise to new needs of social and materialistic nature, forming a society that corresponds to the forces of human production development. (Shimp, 2009:7). In this regard therefore, material life determines or conditions social life, thus social explanations emanate from materialism to social forms, and ultimately to forms of consciousness. As production means develops, economic structures or production modes rise and fall. According to Marx, communism may possibly become real as the workers become aware of alternatives, motivating them to i nitiate reforms. In his reinterpretation of the theory of history by Marx, Gerald Cohen created the development thesis, which states that production forces develop, becoming stronger over time. However, the thesis clarifies that the development is not absolute, but rather a tendency. Together with productively applicable technology and knowledge, these forces are production means(Cohen, 2000:176). The primacy thesis is Cohen’s next thesis. The latter has two important aspects: first, the productive forces level of development may explain the nature of the structure of the economy, and second, the nature of the structure of the economy explains the nature of the superstructure. From these observations, it is evident that Marx believes that the economic structure of a society may explain the nature of societal ideology, such as moral, artistic, philosophical, and religious beliefs within the confines of the society. It is indeed possible for various activities to combine aspect s of ideology and superstructure simultaneously. A prime example is religion, which combines both a set of beliefs and institutions. Scholars argue that revolutionary changes occur naturally from the failure of further development of productive forces. At the revolution point, the development of productive forces is fettered. Drawing from the theory, once development fetters in an economic structure, another structure will eventually replace it. It is reasonable that human productivity develops over time, and also that structures of economy only exist insofar as they develop the forces of production, but are ultimately replaced when they fail their duty of development(Stanford). Nonetheless, Marx’s theory of history has come under criticism, primarily for its incoherence, as well as lack of projection and empirical evidence. Criticism There are various forms of criticism against Marx’s theory of history, including claims of incoherence, lack of evidence and projection. These three categories result from the fact that the

Ethics Of Hans Jonas Philosophy Essay

Ethics Of Hans Jonas Philosophy Essay Science and philosophy though are separate disciplines they co-exist with each other. Hans Jonas a prominent thinker not only has succeeded in bridging the gap of science and philosophy but also has taken science especially the Biology to the realm of philosophy. He has constructed Philosophical Biology. He is also known for his ethics of responsibility. As, one of the most prominent thinkers of 20th century, he has written on diverse topics such as the philosophy of biology, ethics, social philosophy, cosmology, and Jewish theology with a view to understand morality as the root of our moral responsibility to safeguard humanitys future. Jonass greatest work, The Phenomenon of Life sets forth a systematic and comprehensive philosophy of phenomenology and existentialism. In this paper I have tried to adumbrate his thought on life philosophy rather thematically with a special reference to Phenomenon of Life. I have also touched upon his most celebrated ethics of responsibility briefly f ollowed by my own reflections. 1. Life and Biography Hans Jonas was a well-known Jewish thinker, an early and influential biomedical ethicist, and an equally early and influential philosopher of technology. Jonas was born in 1904 in Monchengladbach, studied under Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg before Hitler came to power and Heidegger became chancellor of the university. He received his doctorate in 1928 from the University of Marburg. In 1933 he fled Germany and, in 1964, publicly repudiated Heidegger because of his Nazi connections. Jonas taught in Jerusalem and Canada before becoming a professor at the New School for Social Research in New York in 1955, where he was chair of the philosophy department (195763) and Johnson Professor of Philosophy (from 1966 until his retirement in 1976).  [1]  He Died in February, 1993 in New York. Jonass career is generally divided into three periods defined by the three works just mentioned, but in reverse order: studies of Gnosticism, studies of philosophical biology, and ethica l studies.  [2]  Jonass major works in English include:  The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God  and  the Beginnings of Christianity  (1958),  The Phenomenon of Life: Toward a Philosophical Biology  (1966), and  The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age  (1979).  [3]   2. Philosophical Biology in The Phenomenon of Life The Phenomenon of Life is a collection of essays, written over a period of more than fifteen years. The book covers topics ranging from the metabolism of an amoeba to the meaning of immortality. There are discussions of Orphic religion, natural selection, gnosticism, DNA, ancient versus modern mathematics, cybernetics, the relative strengths and weaknesses of seeing, hearing, and tactile-feeling, the being of images, theory versus practice, the images of man and the image of God. In this book he critiques the fundamental assumptions underlying modern philosophy since Descartes, primarily dualism. Jonas is exactly right to argue that life does need a distinct ontological category, and that the neglect of life in the Cartesian dichotomy of matter and mind is an important element in the historical path that leads to modern nihilism.  [4]  The book deals with organic facts of life and self-interpretation of life in human being. The themes dealt are not only of organic world such as m etabolism, sentience, motility, emotion, perception, imagination, mind etc. but also moral and metaphysical themes.  [5]   In the preface of The Phenomenon of Life, Jonas identifies the work as an existential interpretation of the biological facts. This description is significant: Jonas would attempt to carry what was valuable in the existentialist approach forward to interpret an area that philosophers had long neglected: the world of facts about living things; about hunger, about nourishment, about growth and about death. The very proposition that philosophy ought to interpret facts demonstrates Jonass unorthodox orientation. For Jonas, the old division of labor between the natural sciences, on the one hand, which deal in facts about nature, and the humanities, on the other, which concern themselves with values and concepts salient to the mind or spirit-this old division of labor is precisely the problem that must be overcome in order to get nature right. 3. Life, Death and the Body of Being and Philosophical Aspects of Darwinism Jonas says that when human being began to interpret the nature of things he found life everywhere. It means the primitive man found life in everything. Jonas calls for the construction of a philosophy of nature as the Greek philosopher Aristotle did long ago. By this he means that every philosopher must return to fields or to the working land. In this context his questions are: What is the difference between a human being, alive, and a corpse? What is there in man besides chemicals that constitute the human body? Some might be quick to answer, a human being is not just a body; he has a soul. But what is meant by this? Is the soul something to be opposed to the body-a sort of spiritual substance that inhabits a body and lives out its own destiny apart from that body? This was neither Jonass view nor Aristotles before him.  [6]  The position of these philosophers is closer to that which Friedrich Nietzsche expressed with his usual eloquence when he wrote in Thus Spoke Zarathustra: Body am I, and soul so speaks a child.  [7]  And why should one not speak like children? But the awakened and knowing say: body am I entirely, and nothing else; and soul is only a word for something about the body. Nietzsche says that the soul is a word for something about the body, we have an idea what that something is-its mortality, its relationship to death. An easy but significant answer to the question what is a living thing? is this: A living thing is something that can and will die. Unlike non-living matter-including the nonliving matter that makes up living bodies-the whole living body has a provisional sort of being. When death arrives, the extinction of an existing thing occurs. What is clearly gone in death is the bodys organization. Extinction of organism equals loss of organization. When the organism is alive, first, it is not a static thing, like the organization of marble into a statue or of wood and iron into a hammer. It is rather, a never ceasing, ongoing pro cess. Biological science calls this process as metabolism. Jonas describes metabolism philosophically: In this remarkable mode of being, the material parts of which the organism consists at a given instant are to the penetrating observer only temporary, passing contents whose joint material identity does not coincide with the identity of the whole which they enter and leave, and which sustains its own identity by the very act of foreign matter passing through its spatial system, the living form. It is never the same materially and yet persists as its same self, by not remaining the same matter.  [8]  Aristotles thought that all living beings nourish themselves, struck the idea of the mode of being as discovered by Jonas. A living thing does not simply exist-it exists by being constantly active, constantly reaching out into the world to capture those material parts it needs to preserve itself. Out of these captured elements, the organism builds itself anew or generates the energy needed for this building. Plants employ roots and leaves, a nimals employ gills, lungs, teeth, stomach-and also, on the hunt, legs and arms, eyes and ears, attention and memory. As Jonas conceives it, life, from the most simple to the most complex, is active and purposeful.  [9]  Organism and environment together form a system which determines the basic concept of life. Jonas remarks that the triumph which materialism achieved in Darwinism contains the germ of its own overcoming. Though by proving Darwins evolutionism it seems that mans metaphysical status is reduced due to his animal descent, in the realm of life as a whole mans dignity is restored. If man was the relative of animals, then animals were the relatives of man, and in degrees bearers of that inwardness of which man, the most advanced of their kin, is conscious in himself.  [10]  But man remains distinct, because of self-consciousness. 4. Is God a Mathematician? The third essay in The Phenomenon of Life considers the meaning of metabolism using the quote of Sir James Jeans. Jonas notes that a living being is one that is never the same from one moment to the next perpetual self-renewal through process. James remarks, From the intrinsic evidence of his creation, the Great Architect of the Universe now begins to appear as a pure mathematician.  [11]  Two questions can be asked on this statement: What does it mean and is it true? The question regarding the truth gives rise to another question namely, is the great architect of the universe is also the architect of amoeba. He must be both, or he is neither. For the amoeba is part of the universe and must be accountable for by its creative principle. The observation of James is the continuation of the long tradition from Platos Timaeus to Leibniz. Leibniz observes, Thus it is wonderfully made known to us how in the very origination of things a certain Divine mathematics or metaphysical mechanic s is employed and the determination of the greatest quantity takes place.  [12]  When God calculates and employs thought, the world is made.  [13]  Kepler deeply imbued with the Pythagorean faith in the mathematical essence of things and the consequent harmony in the world, said that God, too kind to remain idle, began to play the game of signatures, signing his likeness into the world, with the result that all nature and the graceful sky are symbolized in the art of geometry. Galileo believed that the great book of the universe is written in mathematical language, using symbols such as triangles, circles and other geometrical figures. Philosophy is written in the book of the universe.  [14]  The final answer to the question, Is God a Mathematician? is a distinct No. 5. Animal vs. Plants Jonas considers what differs from animal to plant i.e., motility, perception and emotion. The ability to move using the evidence of perception leads to the idea of freedom. Plants possess immediacy in life between environment and the organism; animals are more separated than this being required to treat the environment as different from them to some degree at least. For the animal the environment is always at a distance, but for plants the adjacent surroundings in one permanent context forms the environment. Motility, perception, and emotion make it possible for animals to have a genuine relation to a genuinely articulated world. These powers are, in fact, all manifestations of a common principle, tied to a common fact about animal life. The common fact is that the mobile animals live at greater distance from their relevant environments; thereforethe common principleanimal life is mediated life, animal life is rooted in the gap between subject and object, which gap is spanned by the distance-disclosing and distance-bridging powers of perception, locomotion, and appetite. Jonas argues, persuasively, that appetite is the heart of animality, prior to the more externally recognizable powers of perception and locomotion. Distance is requisite for desire, but it is desire which drives motion, guided by perception, to turn the over there into here and the not yet into now. It is desire which, while seeking to efface the spatial and temporal gaps, paradoxically, maintains the gaps (and the objects across them) as matters of interest, even as the gaps are spanned under its spur. Jonas concludes: The great secret of animal life lies precisely in the gap which it is able to maintain between immediate concern and mediate satisfaction.  [15]  Wakefulness and effort, want and fear, suffering and enjoyment give depth to the animal soul. 6. Cybernetics and Purpose According to cybernetics, society is communication network for the transmitting, exchanging, and pooling of information. Jonas analyses the ideas of cybernetics and some differences between machines and organisms noting that machines act by feedback mechanisms whereas organism is concerned in existing, this applies also to society where the cybernetic idea of information is empty. He draws out a crucial implication of the passionate nature of animal life. He shows the error in the efforts of cyberneticians and behaviorists to explain away the apparent goal-directed behavior of animals in terms of mechanical inputs and outputs and self-regulating feedback mechanisms. Exploiting the distinction between serving a purpose and having purpose, and using a marvelous example which compares a so-called self-steering torpedo and the same torpedo manned by a human pilot, he shows that all machine models of purposiveness fail because, unlike living things, machines are not creatures of need. It is the concern of life with its own continued existence that qualifies incoming data as messages, and then only if they are relevant to the organisms purpose; it is only such self-concern that energizes the active response as an action fit to the organic purpose. Concern, or, in the higher animals, desire, appetite, and emotion, is more basic than the outward-looking functions of perception and locomotion which it holds together. Animals, no less than man, are teleological beings; animals, no less than man, aim at their own good.  [16]   7. Image-making and the Freedom of Man Hans Jonas sheds light on philosophical anthropology where he shows the specific difference of human being in the animal kingdom. He deliberates on the properties of an object which determines the image. According to him the properties of image include:  [17]   1. The most obvious property is that of likeness. An image is an object that bears a plainly recognizable likeness to another object. 2. The likeness is produced with intent. It is not the natural resemblances like mirror images, shadows, and the like. 3. The likeness is not complete. It is not duplication. The incompleteness of the likeness must be perceptible. 4. The incompleteness of image-likeness includes omission and selection. 5. Incompleteness also involves dissimilarity and alteration of selected features. 6. The object of representation is visual shape. Vision grants the greatest freedom to the mediacy of representation. 7. The image is inactive and at rest, though it may depict movement and action. There is static presence because the represented, the representation, and the vehicle of representation are different strata in the ontological constitution of the image. The properties required in a subject for the making or beholding of images involve the ability to behold something as an image; and to behold something as an image and not merely as an object means also to be able to produce one. The requirement seems to be the ability to perceive the likeness. Animals perceive either sameness or otherness, but not both in one. Human persons have the apprehension of similitude. 8. Gnosticism, Existentialism and Nihilism The similarity and difference between two positions or movements of thought is: one is conceptual, sophisticated and eminently modern i.e., existentialism and another from misty past, mythological, crude i.e., Gnosticism. Jonas wrote on Gnosticism which was a widespread movement in late antiquity in the early era of Christianity. The Gnostics, often understood to be Christian heretics, held the view that the cosmos is a prison for the human soul; that the world is not Gods creation, but the work of lesser deities intent on keeping the soul imprisoned and apart from God; that all attachments between a human being and the world, his appetites, aspirations and conscience, are expressions of ignorance that must be overcome through true knowledge; and that this knowledge only comes as a gift from the savior beyond the world who can show the soul the way out.  [18]   The movement of modern knowledge called science has by a necessary complementarity eroded the foundations from which norms could be derived; it has destroyed the very idea of norm as such. To make his point fully emphatic, Jonas writes: Now we shiver in the nakedness of a nihilism, in which near-omnipotence is paired with near-emptiness, greatest capacity with knowing least for what ends to use it.  [19]   9. Heidegger and Theology This essay deals with how Martin Heidegger understands of Theology as interpreted by Jonas. Originally the Biblical word was equalized with the Greek logos. Philo Judaeus gives a reflection on Christian Theology through the etymology of the Biblical name Israel. It means He who sees God and Jacobs acquiring this name is said to represent the God-seekers progress from the stage of hearing to that of seeing, made possible by the miraculous conversion of ears into eyes. Philos views on knowing God rests on the Platonic supposition the truest relation to being is intuition, beholding. This eminence of sight gazed from the religious perspective enhances ones relation to God and also to the word of God. Philo quoting Exodus, All the people saw the voice (20: 18) comments: Highly significant, for human voice is to be heard, but Gods voice is in truth to be seen. Why? Because that which God speaks is not words but works, which the eye discriminates better than the ear (De Decalogo, 47).  [ 20]  After Philo the Christian Theology underwent a turn from the original hearing to the call of the living in other words the conversion of ears into eyes When we speak of Heidegger there is much secularized Christianity in his thought. The concepts like guilt, care, anxiety, call of conscience, resolution, authenticity-inauthenticity have a purely ontological meaning. Theology is also a primal thinking though it is derived from a revelation. But for Heidegger Revelation is self-unveiling of being. Heidegger adopts many Judeo-Christian vocabularies in his philosophy such as guilt and conscience and call and voice and hearing and response and mission and shepherd and revelation and thanksgiving etc. He says: Only from the truth of being can essence of the holy be thought. Only from the essence of the holy is the essence of deity to be thought. Only in the light in the essence of deity can that be thought and said which the word God should name.  [21]  Heideggers formulation c an be put in this way, philosophical thinking is to being as theological thinking is to the self-revealing God. Hence theology should be primal thinking concerning God.  [22]   10. Jonass Thought on Biology Organisms are, of course, as much a part of the physical universe as atoms and planets and cosmic nebulae. An organism is a whole and not just a collection of simpler parts. Nature is not a place of purposes but rather of bodies filling the void of empty space.  [23]  A living organism including human being-is a being that must always be at-work in order to stay the whole that it is. What Jonas adds to this account is an existentialist philosophers emphasis on the role of death. The existentialists, including Heidegger, think only about the consciousness of death, the anticipation of death that characterizes mankinds existence. But Jonas thought about death as a biological event. Mankind is not the only creature who walks in the valley of the shadow of death. All life is fragile and provisional; all life is wrested moment by moment from the threat of non-being. The key ontological divide is not between human beings and the rest of nature-it is between living nature and that which does not live and, so, cannot die. The essential feature of all life, then, is, first, the primacy of form over matter-the ontological persistence of an individual through material change-and, second, the purposeful action of the living individual to keep itself in being against the threat of non-being. The imputation of purpose to all life processes is perhaps the core of Jonass heresy. It is essential, for Jonas, those categories which modern philosophers and scientists have consistently applied only to mankind-purpose, intention, interest, care-should be seen as present throughout the organic world. To be alive is to exhibit an interest in continuing to be. Jonas formulates this at one point by saying that, through metabolism, life says yes to itself.  [24]  Jonas characterizes the essential property of all living things as a kind of freedom. Living things are free in that they exist independent of, though not apart from, their material.  [25]   11. The Imperative of Responsibility Jonas is best known for his neo-Kantian ethics of responsible caution in the face of the awesome power of modern technology, especially the power of modern biotechnology, including genetic engineering. He offers answer to the question what makes mankind unique?, Man is the only being known to us who can assume responsibility. The fact that he can assume it means that he is liable to it. This capacity for taking responsibility already signifies that human being is subject to its imperative: the ability itself brings moral obligation with it. But the capacity for taking responsibility, an ethical capacity, lies in mans ontological capability to choose knowingly and willingly between alterative actions. Responsibility, therefore, is complimentary to freedom; it is an acting subjects burden of freedom.  [26]  Jonas tells us: Responsibility exists with or without God and, naturally even more so, with or without an earthly court of justice. Responsibility is sown into the fabric of Bei ng. Jonas argues that it does and that we must learn how to think of the planet that sustains our being and the God-like nature that evolution has-wondrously and mysteriously-realized in our species as vulnerable things that must stay our hand and constrain our choices.  [27]  According to Jonas, we must consult our fears and not our hopes when understanding technological ventures that can have a potentially devastating impact on what it means to be human (and therefore ethical). The Imperative of Responsibility centres on social and ethical problems created by technology. Jonas insists that human survival depends on our efforts to care for our planet and its future. He formulated a new and distinctive supreme principle of morality: Act so that the effects of your action are compatible with the permanence of genuine human life.  [28]  Francis Bacon states that nature can be commanded only by being obeyed.  [29]   Critical Remarks and Conclusion Hans Jonas, a pupil of Heidegger, departs from his mentors work and reaches out into the depths of the deeply thinking mans way of understanding The Phenomenon of Life . The philosophy of Jonas is more than challenging in this technological era. I found it relevant for many reasons. a. His division of living and non-living beings is a new thinking which goes beyond anthropocentric division of man and rest of nature. This new aspect brings in the terrain of plants and animals to human life. They are nothing less in terms of living beings. Only non-living beings have neither birth nor death. This thinking paves the way for new ethical imperatives, respect for life and deep ecological concerns. b. His application of philosophy to science especially to biology is relevant. He tries to interpret nature in a holistic sense which upholds the meaning to life, proper use of technology etc. He acknowledges that human existence cannot be grasped without acknowledging radically different kinds of relation. c. The philosophy of Hans Jonas found in The Phenomenon of Life is a hard reading and bit complicated to understand in a first attempt. But as one goes or digs deep there are gems of thought and concrete experiences. The life and thought is worth studying for a present student of philosophy. His philosophy is a clarion call to study and do philosophy as well. It places humans as responsible citizens of cosmos to safeguard nature and surroundings. Thanks to his thought.

The Stereotypical Old-West Hero :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Stereotypical Old-West Hero Gunsmoke was the longest running radio show ever made. It is based on the historical city of Dodge. The series is centered around the character of Matt Dillon, who is the U.S. Marshall at Dodge. Each episode is one of his adventures, usually with his fellow helper, Chester, in keeping the peace and bringing justice in the area. Dillon's independence, sense of justice, and keen problem solving ever epitomize the stereotypical old-west hero. No matter what situation arises in Dodge, or the surrounding area, Matt Dillon is able to resolve it most often without the help of anyone else except for his faithful follower Chester. Whenever Dillon hears of a problem, he immediately goes to see what the trouble is with Chester. He doesn't listen to anyone and only brings more people if it would go better with his plan. In the episode, "Tecetta", Dillon boldly asks three gunmen to give up their guns at a bar and then tells them to leave the next morning. He says it in such a way that is unquestionable and demanding of respect. And people listen! In the episode, "The Buffalo Hunter", when Dillon and Chester go searching for the villain, Gatloff, they run into one of his skinners whose been shot. Always the independent spirit, Dillon commands Chester to stay with the man saying, "I'll ride on by myself". Dillon's sense of justice is extremely refined. He always has a keen view on how to solve the problem at hand, and usually it is something that nobody else has thought of. Dillon makes claims such as, "I don't think someone would accidentally pour 50-60 lbs. of lead in their own face", to which Chester then replies, "Oh Mr. Dillon, I hadn't thought of that". When one of the new bar girls, Tacetta, is kidnapped by Dorgan, Dillon has a plan ready. He decides to take a group of 12 men rather than just himself and Chester so that they will intimidate Dorgan, who has been judged by Dillon as having a weaker character. Dillon also knows how to decide when to go after someone and when not to. In "The Buffalo Hunter" Dillon know that Gatloff killed his own worker, but, since he doesn't have proof, he waits until Gatloff does something else that will incriminate him. Similarly, when Dorgan is killed by Horn and Watson in "Tecetta", Dillon waits until Watson causes trouble as a drunkard to get the truth out of him.

Different Learning Theories Of Human Resource Development

Knowing a individuals larning manner enables larning to be orientated harmonizing to the preferable method. That said, everyone responds to and needs the motive of all types of larning manners to one extent or another – it ‘s a affair of utilizing importance that fits best with the given state of affairs and a individual ‘s acquisition manner penchants. Kolb ‘s larning theory sets out four different larning manners, which are based on a four phase larning rhythm. In this regard Kolb ‘s theoretical account is peculiarly elegant, since it offers both a manner to understand single people ‘s different acquisition manners, and besides an account of a rhythm of experiential acquisition that applies to us all. Diverging ( experiencing and watching – CE/RO ) Assimilating ( watching and believing – AC/RO ) Converging ( making and believing – AC/AE ) Accommodating ( making and experiencing – CE/AE ) Diverging people are able to look at things from different positions. They are sensitive. They prefer to watch instead than make, be givening to garner information and usage imaginativeness to work out jobs. They are best at sing concrete state of affairss several different point of views. Kolb called this manner ‘Diverging ‘ because these people perform better in state of affairss that require ideas-generation, for illustration, brainstorming. Peoples with a Diverging acquisition manner have wide cultural involvements and like to roll up information. They are interested in people, be likely to be originative and emotional, and be given to be strong in the humanistic disciplines. Peoples with the Diverging manner prefer to work in groups, to listen with an unfastened head and to have personal feedback. The Assimilating acquisition penchant is for a summarizing, logical attack. Ideas and constructs are more of import than people. These people require good clear account instead than practical chance. They do highly good at understanding broad runing information and forming it a clear logical format. Peoples with an Absorbing acquisition manner are less focussed on people and more interested in thoughts and abstract constructs. Peoples with this manner are more attracted to logically sound theories than attacks based on practical value. These learning manner people are of import for effectivity in information and scientific discipline callings. In formal acquisition state of affairss, people with this manner prefer readings, talks, researching analytical theoretical accounts, and holding clip to believe things through. For an illustration people who prefer the ‘Assimilating ‘ learning manner will non be comfy being thrown in at the deep terminal without notes and instructions. Converging people with a Converging learning manner can work out jobs and will utilize their acquisition to happen solutions to utile issues. They prefer proficient undertakings, and are less concerned with people and interpersonal facets. Peoples with a Converging acquisition manner are best at happening practical utilizations for thoughts and theories. They can work out jobs and do determinations by happening solutions to inquiries and jobs. Peoples with a Converging acquisition manner are more attracted to proficient undertakings and jobs than societal or interpersonal issues. A Converging acquisition manner enables high-quality and engineering abilities. Peoples with a Converging manner like to prove with new thoughts, to imitate, and to work with practical applications. The Accommodating acquisition manner is ‘hands-on ‘ , and relies on perceptual experience instead than logic. These people use other people ‘s analysis, and prefer to take a practical, experiential attack. They are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and to transporting out programs. They normally act on ‘gut ‘ inherent aptitude instead than logical analysis. Peoples with an Suiting acquisition manner will be given to trust on others for information than carry out their ain analysis. This learning manner is common and utile in functions necessitating action and enterprise. Peoples with an Suiting acquisition manner prefer to work in squads to finish undertakings. They set marks and actively work in the field seeking different ways to accomplish an aim. Peoples who like prefer to utilize an ‘Accommodating ‘ learning manner are likely to go defeated if they are forced to read tonss of instructions and regulations, and are unable to acquire custodies on experience every bit shortly as possible. However most people clearly display clear strong penchants for a given acquisition manner. The ability to utilize or ‘switch between ‘ different manners is non one that we should presume comes easy or of course to many people. Basically, people who have a clear acquisition manner penchant, for whatever ground, will be given to larn more efficaciously if acquisition is orientated harmonizing to their penchant. Honey and Mumford acquisition manners Honey and Mumford ( 1982 ) have built a typology of Learning Styles around this rhythm, placing single penchants for each phase ( Activist, Reflector, Theorist, and Pragmatist severally ) ; Kolb besides has a trial instrument ( the Learning Style Inventory ) but has carried it farther by associating the procedure besides to signifiers of cognition. Anonymous, ( 2010 ) There are four features of larning manners, Militant Theorist Pragmatist Reflector Militants involve themselves wholly and without unfairness in new experiences. They enjoy the here and now, and are happy to be dominated by immediate experiences. They are open-minded, non discrediting, and this tends to do them excited about anything new. Their doctrine is: â€Å" I ‘ll seek anything one time † . They tend to move first and see the effects afterwards. Their yearss are filled with activity. They tackle jobs by brainstorming. Equally shortly as the stimulation from one activity has died down they are busy looking for the following. They tend to increase on the challenge of new experiences but are bored with execution and longer term consolidation. They are gregarious people invariably affecting themselves with others but, in making so ; they seek to center all activities on themselves. For an illustration, those people who learn by making. Militants need to acquire their custodies dirty, to plunge in with both pess foremost. Have an open-minded attack to acquisition, affecting themselves to the full and without prejudices in new experiences. Brainstorming job resolution, group treatment, competitions and function drama, these are the activities of Militants. Theorists adapt and combine observations into complex but logically sound theories. They think jobs through in a perpendicular, bit-by-bit logical manner. They learn disparate facts into logical theories. They tend to be perfectionists who wo n't rest easy until things are tidy and fit into a normal proposal. They like to analyze and unite. They are acute on basic premises, rules, theories theoretical accounts and systems believing. Their doctrine awards reason and logic. â€Å" If it ‘s logical it ‘s good. † Questions they often ask are: â€Å" Does it do sense? † â€Å" How does this tantrum with that? † â€Å" What are the basic premises? † They tend to be detached, analytical and dedicated to rational objectiveness instead than anything subjective or equivocal. Their attack to jobs is systematically logical. This is their ‘mental set ‘ and they stiffly reject anything that does n't suit with it. They prefer to maximise certainty and experience uncomfortable with subjective judgements, sidelong thought and anything light-minded. For an illustration, scholars like to understand the theory behind the actions. They need theoretical accounts, constructs and facts in order to prosecute in the acquisition procedure. Prefer to analyze and synthesise, pulling new information into a systematic and logical ‘theory ‘ . Pragmatists are acute on seeking out thoughts, theories and techniques to see if they work in pattern. They positively search out new thoughts and take the first chance to research with applications. They are the kind of people who return from classs full with new thoughts that they want to seek out in pattern. They like to acquire on with things and act rapidly and confidently on thoughts that attract them. They tend to be impatient with ruminating and open-ended treatments. They are basically practical, down to earth people who like doing practical determinations and work outing jobs. They respond to jobs and chances ‘as a challenge ‘ . Their doctrine is â€Å" There is ever a better manner † and â€Å" If it works its good † . For an illustration, people need to be able to see how to set the acquisition into pattern in the existent universe. Abstract constructs and games are of limited usage unless they can see a manner to set the thoughts into action in their lives. Experimenters, seeking out new thoughts, theories and techniques to see if they work Reflector like to stand back to chew over experiences and detect them from many different positions. They collect informations, both first manus and from others, and prefer to believe about it carefully before coming to a decision. The thorough aggregation and analysis of informations about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to reschedule making unequivocal decisions for every bit long as possible. Their doctrine is to be careful. They are thoughtful people who like to see all possible angles and deductions before doing a move. They prefer to take a back place in meetings and treatments. They enjoy detecting other people in action. They listen to others and acquire the impetus of the treatment before doing their ain points. They tend to follow a low profile and have a somewhat distant, tolerant relaxed air about them. When they act it is portion of a broad image which includes the yesteryear every bit good as the present and others ‘ observations every bit good as their ain. For an illustration, people learn by detecting and believing about what happened. They may avoid jumping in and prefer to watch from the out of boundss. Prefer to stand back and position experiences from a figure of different positions, roll uping informations and taking the clip to work towards an appropriate decision.Learning TheoriesThe Behaviorist Approach Some of our acquisition comes approximately as a response to a stimulation. We are larning from our detectors. We react to something outside ourselves. If the consequence is good for us, we learn to respond in similar manner in a similar state of affairs, while if the consequence is bad, we learn non to make that once more. This is the basic thought of the Behaviorist Approach which can be traced back to the work of Pavlov ( 1927 ) who taught Canis familiariss to salivate at the sound of a bell. Behaviorist dressed ores on modifying behaviour by support. Behavior that is seen as positive or good is reinforced by wagess. For an illustration auto insurance is reduced if you do non do a claim. Most people have experienced both positive and negative support. We can see that behaviourist larning theories have their strengths. However, this attack to acquisition has been critized as mechanistic and be givening to concentrate merely on certain behaviour. There is grounds to propose that support may necessitate changeless topping-up to stay effectual. Anonymous, ( 2010 ) The Cognitive Approach If some of our acquisition is reactive, some acquisition can besides be described as positive. That is we seek out information and attempt to do sense of it in order to understand better our universe and our topographic point in it. This is the footing of cognitive theories of acquisition, which make usage of the work of research workers such as Kohler ( 1925 ) and Piaget ( 1950 ) . Kohler worked with apes and Piaget concentrated on kid development, but their consequences have been applied more widely. For the cognitive, the cardinal characteristic of human existences for acquisition is that we are intelligent searchers. Harmonizing to cognitive attacks, we invariably find that our experience of the universe does non rather fit the manner we see the universe, and we try to make something about the misfit. We seek new information, we adjust our position of the universe, and we may make a new manner of seeing the universe. There are clear connexions here with some of the elements we noted earlier in the different phases of the acquisition procedure. The Social Learning Approach The societal acquisition theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become possibly the most of import theory of larning and development. While ingrained in many of the basic constructs of traditional acquisition theory, Bandura believed that direct support could non account for all types of acquisition. His theory added a societal component, reasoning that people can larn new information and behaviours by watching other people. Known as experimental acquisition ( or patterning ) , this type of acquisition can be used to explicate a broad assortment of behaviours. Psychology, ( 2010 ) Basic Social Learning Concepts 1. Peoples can larn through observation. Observational Learning In his celebrated â€Å" Bobo doll † surveies, Bandura established that kids learn and reproduce behaviours they have observed in other people. The kids in Bandura ‘s surveies observed an grownup moving sharply toward a Bobo doll. When the kids were subsequently allowed to play in a room with the Bobo doll, they began to reproduce the aggressive actions they had antecedently observed. Bandura identified three basic theoretical accounts of experimental acquisition: A unrecorded theoretical account, which involves an existent single representative or moving out a behaviour. A verbal instructional theoretical account, which involves descriptions and accounts of a behaviour. A symbolic theoretical account, which involves existent or fictional characters exposing behaviours in books, movies, telecasting plans, or on-line media. 2. Mental provinces are of import to larning. Intrinsic Support Bandura noted that external, environmental support was non the lone factor to act upon acquisition and behaviour. He described indispensable support as a signifier of internal wages, such as pride, satisfaction, and a sense of achievement. This accent on internal ideas and knowledges helps link larning theories to cognitive developmental theories. While many text editions place societal larning theory with behavioural theories, Bandura himself describes his attack as a ‘social cognitive theory. ‘ 3. Learning does non needfully take to a alteration in behaviour. While behaviourists believed that larning led to a lasting alteration in behaviour, experimental acquisition demonstrates that people can larn new information without showing new behaviours. The Modeling Procedure Not all observed behaviours are efficaciously learned. Factors affecting both the theoretical account and the scholar can play a function in whether societal acquisition is successful. Certain demands and stairss must besides be followed. The undermentioned stairss are involved in the experimental acquisition and patterning procedure:Attention:In order to larn, you need to be paying attending. Anything that detracts your attending is traveling to hold a negative consequence on experimental acquisition. If the theoretical account interesting or there is a fresh facet to the state of affairs, you are far more likely to give your full attending to acquisition.Retention:The ability to hive away information is besides an of import portion of the acquisition procedure. Retention can be affected by a figure of factors, but the ability to draw up information subsequently and move on it is critical to experimental acquisition.Reproduction:Once you have paid attending to the theoretical accoun t and retained the information, it is clip to really execute the behaviour you observed. Further pattern of the erudite behaviour leads to betterment and skill promotion.Motivation:Finally, in order for experimental acquisition to be successful, you have to be motivated to copy the behaviour that has been modeled. Support and penalty play an of import function in motive. While sing these incentives can be extremely effectual, so can detecting other experience some type of support or penalty. For illustration, if you see another pupil rewarded with excess recognition for being to category on clip, you might get down to demo up a few proceedingss early each twenty-four hours. Psychology, ( 2010 )Learning CurveA acquisition curve is a graphical representation of the altering rate of acquisition ( in the mean individual ) for a given activity or tool. Normally, the addition in keeping of information is sharpest after the primary efforts, and so on a regular basis evens out, intending th at less and less new information is retained after each duplicate. The larning curve can besides stand for at a glimpse the initial trouble of larning something and, to an extent, how much there is to larn after early cognition. For illustration, the Windows plan Notepad is highly simple to larn, but offers little after this. On the other extreme is the UNIX terminus editor VI, which is hard to larn, but offers a broad array of characteristics to get the hang after the user has figured out how to work it. It is possible for something to be easy to larn, but hard to get the hang or hard to larn with small beyond this. Wikipedia, ( 2010 )

The Story of Two Knights essays

The Story of Two Knights essays There once were two very strong knights. They were the best two knights the world has ever seen. They were also best of friends and when together, nothing could stand in their way. One of them was named Bob. Bob was a great knight. He feared nothing. His fighting techniques and sword wielding is truly amazing. He once took on an army of 100 men with just one hand. Many of the lower-class knights looked up to Bob, mainly because he was the leader, but mostly because of his incredible bravery. But there was one thing that troubled Bob, and that was the death of his beloved wife, Mary. She died from an evil witch that poisoned her in her sleep. People say they saw the witch go inside their house but when Bob arrived there he was too late. Now Bob wants to avenge his wife by doing whatever it takes. The other knight was named Jack; Jack was also a great knight. He saved a whole village from intruders by himself with only a frying pan. Jack was exactly very much like Bob. He also feared nothing and let nothing get in his way. But Jack was a little different from Bob. He was shy and he really loved beautiful women. As famous as he was around the village and castle, he just couldnt find a way talk to beautiful women. It is a hot sunny and peaceful afternoon. Bob and Jack were doing their usual training at the barracks with the other knights. Then all of a sudden Jack sees the king running towards them. The king comes in and calls for Bob and Jack. He said something terrible has happened and he needs their help. It appears that the Princess Elizabeth has been kidnapped. Jack knew the princess really well and was outraged when he heard what happened. So Bob and Jack gathered up all their weapons and went on a journey to find the princess. After asking around town about the whereabouts of Princess Elizabeth, both of them finally found where she was located. It appears that she is in some house in the middle of the forest. ...

Introducing How to Write a KILLER Linkedin Profile - 4th Edition!

Introducing How to Write a KILLER Linkedin Profile - 4th Edition! As you may have noticed, LinkedIn has undergone a quite a few changes in the past few months. The look of the profile has changed; endorsements have become all the rage, and Skills Expertise has overtaken the Specialties section as a place to search for people with certain capabilities. The status update section has moved, the Events application is on its way out, and the guidelines for a â€Å"100% complete† profile have shifted. I’m happy to announce that after many revisions and a lot of help from my Virtual Assistant Jeanne Goodman and publisher Brian Schwartz, the 4th edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is completely updated to reflect these recent changes. It also contains special coupon codes for e-book readers, new tips on how to create a modern, punchy look with graphics, and new bonus tips for both companies and job seekers. In the spirit of this holiday season, I am VERY thankful to Jeanne and Brian for making this edition possible, and full of gratitude to have this puppy out the door: Get the pdf 4th Edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile! Remember, if you purchase the PDF version of the e-book, you also receive FREE lifetime updates. Get the Kindle version 4th Edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile! The 4thedition of your e-book is great! So much better than editions 12!† Patrick Gallagher, Author of LinkedIn Secrets Revealed If you already own a copy of my e-book and would like to express *your* thanks for how it has helped you create a KILLER profile, please take a moment to provide your feedback! Posting a review on Amazon is a powerful way to tell the world what you thought of the information received, what value it had for you and how it changed your profile. And while youre there, you can check out what others are saying! Post a review here! As a special incentive, if you email us with a link to your Amazon review, your name will be entered in a monthly drawing to win Mary Elizabeth Bradfords Job Search Success System (winner of a 2011 CDI Career Innovator Award and a $97 value!). Check it out here. I also have a Facebook page dedicated solely to How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile and LinkedIn appreciators around the world. If you found a way to improve your online presence with any of the tips from my e-book, please drop by and my KILLER LinkedIn Facebook page. Thank you! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 19, 2012

Research and Analysis of Business Problems Paper

And Analysis of Business Problems - Research Paper Example Kellogg enjoyed higher growth rate from 2007 to 2009 and after that it had quite steady growth rate till 2011. On the other hand, General Mills had quite volatile revenue growth because revenue decreased from 2008 to 2010 and again increased in 2011. From the above table it can be said that, General Mills had higher revenue than Kellogg each of the last five years. Most recent personal decision that I have made is job preference. I have developed job preference for best suitable job for me after completing my study. As a student of business management, I would have multiple job opportunities in diverse areas of corporate sector. Most suitable options that are under my level of competence and knowledge are trainee business analyst, strategic marketing analyst and business development executive. These are the three alternative career fields for my future from numbers of major areas. Business analysis is most wide area among these three. It involves detailed analysis of all areas of a business like marketing, finance, operations, manpower management etc. Therefore, all four major areas of business management study and I can evaluate my core strength are from these four major areas and can chose that as major area in future. Second job preference is strategic marketing analysis which involves development of marketing planning for new product and service and also redesigning of existing marketing plans. This would help me to implement my marketing knowledge and develop marketing as a major area of my future career. Third job opportunity is business development executive which involves generating sales for the company by selling product and services offered by the company. This area covers organizations of all sectors and industry. It is quite tough at trainee or fresher level until some client base is developed. Therefore, most of companies ask for experienced can didates. From the most

Bipolar Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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